Adolescent mental health promotion in Latin American countries: an integrative literature review. / Promoção em saúde mental de adolescentes em países da América Latina: uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

Health Promotion (HP) has recently been strengthened within public policies and still shows strong consonance with international determinations regarding childhood and adolescence in Latin America (LA). Debating HP becomes all the more urgent considering the increasing prevalence of psychological distress in this age group and the historical political construction of Latin American countries. This research aimed to identify and analyze, through an integrative review of the literature, the academic productions on strategies for mental HP of adolescents in LA and, thus, to visualize the actions and arouse reflections dialoguing with the Southern critics, represented by the Bogotá declaration. Six studies were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified that the main space where actions are developed is the school. The potential measures identified were professional training, group action, and strengthening primary and territorial care. We discussed that the historically structured socioeconomic reality of LA reflects an organization of HP actions. Furthermore, the visualization of strategies that enhance at low cost the improved mental health of adolescents can contribute to the current reflection.

A Promoção em Saúde (PS) apresenta um fortalecimento recente dentro das políticas públicas e quando se trata da infância e adolescência na América Latina (AL) observa-se ainda forte consonância com as determinações internacionais. Considerando o aumento de prevalência de sofrimento psíquico nesta faixa etária e a construção histórica política dos países latino-americanos abordar a PS se torna mais urgente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, produções acadêmicas que tratam de estratégias de PS mental de adolescentes na AL e, assim, visibilizar as ações e provocar reflexões dialogadas com as críticas Sulistas, representadas pela declaração de Bogotá. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 6 estudos. Identificou-se que o principal espaço onde as ações são desenvolvidas é a escola. Além disso, como medidas potenciais foram identificadas a capacitação dos profissionais, a ação grupal e o fortalecimento da atenção primária e territorial. Discute-se que a realidade socioeconômica estruturada historicamente da AL reflete uma organização própria das ações em PS. Com isso, a visibilização das estratégias que potencializam a baixo custo uma melhora na saúde mental de adolescentes pode contribuir com a reflexão atual.

Promoção em saúde mental de adolescentes em países da América Latina: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Adolescent mental health promotion in Latin American countries: an integrative literature review

Resumo A Promoção em Saúde (PS) apresenta um fortalecimento recente dentro das políticas públicas e quando se trata da infância e adolescência na América Latina (AL) observa-se ainda forte consonância com as determinações internacionais. Considerando o aumento de prevalência de sofrimento psíquico nesta faixa etária e a construção histórica política dos países latino-americanos abordar a PS se torna mais urgente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, produções acadêmicas que tratam de estratégias de PS mental de adolescentes na AL e, assim, visibilizar as ações e provocar reflexões dialogadas com as críticas Sulistas, representadas pela declaração de Bogotá. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 6 estudos. Identificou-se que o principal espaço onde as ações são desenvolvidas é a escola. Além disso, como medidas potenciais foram identificadas a capacitação dos profissionais, a ação grupal e o fortalecimento da atenção primária e territorial. Discute-se que a realidade socioeconômica estruturada historicamente da AL reflete uma organização própria das ações em PS. Com isso, a visibilização das estratégias que potencializam a baixo custo uma melhora na saúde mental de adolescentes pode contribuir com a reflexão atual.

Abstract Health Promotion (HP) has recently been strengthened within public policies and still shows strong consonance with international determinations regarding childhood and adolescence in Latin America (LA). Debating HP becomes all the more urgent considering the increasing prevalence of psychological distress in this age group and the historical political construction of Latin American countries. This research aimed to identify and analyze, through an integrative review of the literature, the academic productions on strategies for mental HP of adolescents in LA and, thus, to visualize the actions and arouse reflections dialoguing with the Southern critics, represented by the Bogotá declaration. Six studies were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified that the main space where actions are developed is the school. The potential measures identified were professional training, group action, and strengthening primary and territorial care. We discussed that the historically structured socioeconomic reality of LA reflects an organization of HP actions. Furthermore, the visualization of strategies that enhance at low cost the improved mental health of adolescents can contribute to the current reflection.

A single session of moderate intensity walking increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the chronic post-stroke patients.

Background Aerobic exercise, even for short durations, may promote an increase in serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, it is necessary to determine the optimal exercise types and intensities to increase BDNF levels. Objectives This aim of this study was investigate the effects of mild and moderate intensity acute aerobic exercise on serum BDNF levels in patients in the chronic post-stroke phase. Methods The participants answered a socio-demographic questionnaire, cognitive assessment (Mini Mental State Examination), assessment of depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and functional capacity (6-minute walk test). Blood samples were collected before and after each session. The measurement of the concentration of BDNF was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Patients were asked to walk for 30-min in the target training zone (mild intensity, 50-63% of maximum heart rate, and moderate intensity, 64-76% of maximum heart rate), once each week for 2 consecutive weeks. Results Our results indicate that 30 min of acute aerobic exercise at a moderate intensity, but not at a mild intensity, increases serum BDNF levels in the chronic post-stroke phase. Conclusions This study suggests a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of exercise as a component of recovery from stroke, and provides the basis for future studies that will elucidate the specific parameters for clinical applications.

Cytochemical characterization and ultrastructural organization in calluses of the agarophyte Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta).

The culture and physiology of red macroalgae calluses are well documented. To date, however, no report has either performed a cytochemical analysis or characterized the ultrastructural organization of calluses at different stages of development and under the effect of plant growth regulators. Therefore, to undertake such analyses, this work studied the red seaweed Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Bird et Oliveira) Fredericq et Hommersand. Morphology studies suggested three types of calluses: a) terminal callus having an irregular amorphous shape and filamentous projections originating from the cortical region of the thallus; b) apical callus growing on apical branches and having an elongated semispherical shape; and c) intercalary callus developing along the intermediary region of the thallus and having the appearance of small declivities with irregular edges. The abundance of intercalary calluses over terminal and apical calluses is most likely a result of a major cortical surface that would support the cellular growth required to generate calluses. Callus development was initially observed as a matrix of cellular disorganization with filamentous projections; then, the cellular mass seemed to become more compact with spherical uncolored aspect. The presence of starch grains in the inner part of the explant could be explained by absorption from the culture medium and by proper biosynthesis during callus development. Cell wall reaction to staining suggested cellulose and agar composition with acidic polysaccharides. Results suggest that none of the three morphological types of calluses showed any significant differences on the basis of either cytochemistry or ultrastructural organization.

Caracterização dos limiares audiológicos em trabalhadores de urnas funerárias / Characterization of the audiologic thresholds in workers of funeral urns

Introdução: O avanço tecnológico industrial trouxe benefícios e uma série de implicações que podem comprometer a saúde e qualidade de vida do trabalhador. A exposição a agentes físicos, químicos e estressores organizacionais contribuem com o aumento dos riscos de acidentes de trabalho. O ruído, considerado como o agente físico mais frequente no ambiente de trabalho, pode causar alterações auditivas chamadas de Perda Auditiva Induzida pelo Ruído que afetam a comunicação e a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores. Objetivo: Investigar a saúde auditiva de funcionários de uma fábrica de urnas funerárias. Método: Participaram desse estudo, 90 trabalhadores, entre 16 e 52 anos, expostos a níveis de pressão sonora igual ou superior a 85 dBNPS, vibração e/ou agentes químicos no ambiente de trabalho. Foi realizada, entrevista específica e Audiometria Tonal Liminar. Resultados: Este estudo identificou audiometrias alteradas na orelha direita em 13,33% e 16,67% na orelha esquerda sendo que a idade também influenciou nesses limiares auditivos. Conclusão: É imperativa a realização de programa de vigilância à saúde de trabalhadores em articulação com todos os envolvidos, colaborando na formação de recursos humanos, na gestão para executar as ações, assim como dos próprios trabalhadores tomando cuidado com sua saúde.

Introduction: The industrial technological advance has brought benefits and a series of implications that may commit the worker's health and life quality. The exposure to physical, chemical agents and organizational stressors contribute for the increase of work accidents risks. The noise, taken as the most frequent physical agent in the work environment, may cause auditory alterations called Noise-Induced Hearing Loss that affect the communication and life quality of the workers. Objective: To research the auditory health of employees in a funeral urns factory. Method: 90 workers took part in this study, aged between 16 and 52 years, exposed to sound pressure levels equal or higher than 85 dBNPS, vibration and/or chemical agents in the work environment. We carried out a specific interview and Threshold Tonal Audiometry. Results: This study identified altered audiometry results in 13.33% the right ear and 16.67% in the left ear and the age also influenced these auditory thresholds. Conclusion: The accomplishment of a workers' health surveillance program with all people involved is critical and will contribute for the human resources formation, in the management to proceed with actions as well as those by the proper workers being careful of their health.